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Edit File: usr.lib.snapd.snap-confine.real

# Author: Jamie Strandboge <jamie@canonical.com>
#include <tunables/global>

@{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}="{,/var/lib/snapd}/snap"

/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine (attach_disconnected) {
    # Include any additional files that snapd chose to generate.
    # - for $HOME on remote file system.
    # - for $HOME on encrypted media
    #
    # Those are discussed on https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/snapd-vs-upstream-kernel-vs-apparmor
    # and https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/snaps-and-nfs-home/
    #include "/var/lib/snapd/apparmor/snap-confine"

# We run privileged, so be fanatical about what we include and don't use
    # any abstractions
    /etc/ld.so.cache r,
    /etc/ld.so.preload r,

# Do not assume that the interpreter is always named like
    # ld-linux-x86_64.so, as on some architectures there can be a version after
    # the .so suffix, eg. ld-linux-aarch64.so.1
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}ld{-*,64}.so* mrix,
    # libc, you are funny
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,glibc-hwcaps/*/,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}libc{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}libpthread{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libreadline{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}librt{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libgcc_s.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libncursesw{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}libresolv{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libselinux.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libpcre{,2}{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libmount.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libblkid.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libuuid.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libm.so* mr,
    # normal libs in order
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libapparmor.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libcgmanager.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/{,atomics/}}libdl{,-[0-9]*}.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnih.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnih-dbus.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libdbus-1.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libudev.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libseccomp.so* mr,
    /{,{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{snapd,core}/*/}{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libcap.so* mr,

/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine mr,

# This rule is needed when executing from a "base: core" devmode snap on 
    # UC18 and newer where the /usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine inside the 
    # "base: core" mount namespace always comes from the snapd snap, and thus
    # we will execute snap-confine via this path, and thus need to be able to
    # read this path when executing. It's also necessary on classic where both
    # the snapd and the core snap are installed at the same time.
    # TODO: remove this rule when we stop supporting executing other snaps from
    # inside devmode snaps, ideally even in the short term we would only include
    # this rule on core only, and specifically uc18 and newer where we need it
    #@VERBATIM_LIBEXECDIR_SNAP_CONFINE@ mr,

/dev/null rw,
    /dev/full rw,
    /dev/zero rw,
    /dev/random r,
    /dev/urandom r,
    /dev/pts/[0-9]* rw,
    /dev/tty rw,

# Stdout may be inherited from systemd. This is normally provided by <abstractions/base>
    /{,var/}run/systemd/journal/stdout rw,

# SNAP_MOUNT_DIR probe logic
    /proc/1/root/snap r,

# cgroup: devices
    capability sys_admin,
    capability dac_read_search,
    capability dac_override,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/ r,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/ r,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/snap.*/ rw,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/snap.*/cgroup.procs w,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/devices/snap.*/devices.{allow,deny} w,

# cgroup: freezer
    # Allow creating per-snap cgroup freezers and adding snap command (task)
    # invocations to the freezer. This allows for reliably enumerating all
    # running processes for the snap. In addition, allow enumerating processes
    # in the cgroup to determine if it is occupied.
    /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/ r,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/snap.*/ w,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/snap.*/cgroup.procs rw,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/ r,
    /sys/fs/cgroup/** r,

# required by glibc and usually provided by <abstractions/base>
    /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled r,
    /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hpage_pmd_size r,

# cgroup: reading own cgroup
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/cgroup r,

# cgroup: manage bpf map for device cgroup
    /sys/fs/bpf/ r,
    /sys/fs/bpf/snap/ rw,
    /sys/fs/bpf/snap/* rw,
    # s-c may need to raise the memlock limit
    capability sys_resource,

# querying udev
    /etc/udev/udev.conf r,
    /sys/**/uevent r,
    /run/udev/** rw,
    /usr/lib/locale/** r,
    /usr/lib/@{multiarch}/gconv/gconv-modules r,
    /usr/lib/@{multiarch}/gconv/gconv-modules.cache r,

# priv dropping
    capability setuid,
    capability setgid,

# changing profile
    @{PROC}/[0-9]*/attr/{,apparmor/}exec w,
    # Reading current profile
    @{PROC}/[0-9]*/attr/{,apparmor/}current r,
    # Reading available filesystems
    @{PROC}/filesystems r,

# To find where apparmor is mounted
    @{PROC}/[0-9]*/mounts r,
    # To find if apparmor is enabled
    /sys/module/apparmor/parameters/enabled r,

# For detecting if we're in a container
    /run/systemd/container r,

# Don't allow changing profile to unconfined or profiles that start with
    # '/'. Use 'unsafe' to support snap-exec on armhf and its reliance on
    # the environment for determining the capabilities of the architecture.
    # 'unsafe' is ok here because the kernel will have already cleared the
    # environment as part of launching snap-confine with CAP_SYS_ADMIN. This
    # does leave directories as configured by ld.so.preload as well as
    # LD_PRELOAD to be set to a library which is in a directory configured by
    # ld.so.conf, but access to those locations is mediated by this profile
    # (which requires rules for specific locations).
    # TODO: use GenerateAAREExclusionPatterns for this, though the first
    # rule and the fact that the generative aspect is not an absolute filepath
    # complicate using that function directly
    change_profile unsafe /** -> [^u/]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> u[^n]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> un[^c]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unc[^o]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unco[^n]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> uncon[^f]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconf[^i]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconfi[^n]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconfin[^e]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconfine[^d]**,
    change_profile unsafe /** -> unconfined?**,

# allow changing to a few not caught above
    change_profile unsafe /** -> {u,un,unc,unco,uncon,unconf,unconfi,unconfin,unconfine},

# LP: #1446794 - when this bug is fixed, change the above to:
    # deny change_profile unsafe /** -> {unconfined,/**},
    # change_profile unsafe /** -> **,

# reading seccomp filters.
    # Note 1: We still need to consider .bin extension because of global.bin file.
    # Note 2: This rule is not needed because of rule '/var/lib/** rw', however we keep it because at
    # some point we want to investigate if we can narrow the scope of the aforementioned rule.
    /{tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,}var/lib/snapd/seccomp/bpf/*.bin{,2} r,

# adding a missing bpf mount; nosuid/nodev/noexec are required for hardening
    mount fstype=bpf options=(rw nosuid nodev noexec) bpf -> /sys/fs/bpf/,

# For mounting base dir by dir (write dirs and mount on them)
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_** rw,
    mount options=(remount ro) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    mount options=(rw rbind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/**/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_**/,
    # For mounting individual files
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/** -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/**,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_**/,
    # Allow mounting dirs from /
    mount options=(rw rbind) /*/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_**/,

# LP: #1668659 and parallel instances of classic snaps
    mount options=(rw rbind) /snap/ -> /snap/,
    mount options=(rw rshared) -> /snap/,
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/snapd/snap/ -> /var/lib/snapd/snap/,
    mount options=(rw rshared) -> /var/lib/snapd/snap/,

# boostrapping the mount namespace
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/ rw,
    mount fstype=tmpfs none -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    mount options=(rw rshared) -> /,
    mount options=(rw bind) /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    mount options=(rw unbindable) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # the next line is for classic system
    mount options=(rw rbind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # the next line is for core system
    mount options=(rw rbind) / -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # all of the constructed rootfs is a rslave
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # bidirectional mounts (for both classic and core)
    # NOTE: this doesn't capture the MERGED_USR configuration option so that
    # when a distro with merged /usr and / that uses apparmor shows up it
    # should be handled here.
    /{,run/}media/ w,
    mount options=(rw rbind) /{,run/}media/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/{,run/}media/,
    /run/netns/ w,
    mount options=(rw rbind) /run/netns/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/run/netns/,
    # unidirectional mounts (only for classic system)
    mount options=(rw rbind) /dev/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/dev/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/dev/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /etc/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /home/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/home/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/home/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /root/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/root/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/root/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /proc/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/proc/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/proc/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /sys/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/sys/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/sys/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /tmp/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/tmp/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/tmp/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/dhcp/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/dhcp/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/dhcp/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/snapd/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/snap/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/snap/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/snap/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/tmp/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/tmp/,
    # /var/volatile is the default volatile location on Yocto/Poky, typically used with read-only rootfs setups
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/volatile/tmp/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/tmp/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/tmp/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /run/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/run/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/run/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/extrausers/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/extrausers/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/extrausers/,

mount options=(rw rbind) {,/usr}/lib{,32,64,x32}/modules/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*{,/usr}/lib/modules/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*{,/usr}/lib/modules/,

mount options=(rw rbind) {,/usr}/lib{,32,64,x32}/firmware/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*{,/usr}/lib/firmware/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*{,/usr}/lib/firmware/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /var/log/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/log/,
    # /var/volatile is the default volatile location on Yocto/Poky, typically used with read-only rootfs setups
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/volatile/log/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/log/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/log/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /usr/src/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/src/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/src/,

mount options=(rw rbind) /mnt/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/mnt/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/mnt/,

# allow making host snap-exec available inside base snaps
    mount options=(rw bind) /usr/lib/snapd/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/lib/snapd/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/lib/snapd/,

# allow making re-execed host snap-exec available inside base snaps
    mount options=(ro bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/core/*/usr/lib/snapd/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/lib/snapd/,
    # allow making snapd snap tools available inside base snaps
    mount options=(ro bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/snapd/*/usr/lib/snapd/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/lib/snapd/,

mount options=(rw bind) /usr/bin/snapctl -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/bin/snapctl,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/usr/bin/snapctl,

# /etc/alternatives (classic and normal mode)
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/alternatives/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/alternatives/,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/ssl/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ssl/,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/nsswitch.conf -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/nsswitch.conf,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/apparmor/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/apparmor/,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/apparmor.d/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/apparmor.d/,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/ld.so.conf -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.conf,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/ld.so.cache -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.cache,
    mount options=(rw bind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/*/*/etc/ld.so.conf.d/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.conf.d/,

# /etc/alternatives (core/legacy mode)
    mount options=(rw bind) /etc/alternatives/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/alternatives/,

# making all those directories slave shared.
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/alternatives/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ssl/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/nsswitch.conf,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/apparmor/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/apparmor.d/,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.conf,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.cache,
    mount options=(rw slave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/etc/ld.so.conf.d/,

# the /snap directory
    mount options=(rw rbind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/snap/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/snap/,
    # pivot_root preparation and execution
    mount options=(rw bind) /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/,
    mount options=(rw private) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/,

# pivot_root mediation in AppArmor is not complete. See LP: #1791711.
    # However, we can mediate the new_root and put_old to be what we expect,
    # and then deny directory creation within old_root to prevent trivial
    # pivoting into an allowlisted path.
    pivot_root oldroot=/tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/ /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    # Explicitly deny creating the old_root directory in case it is
    # inadvertently added somewhere else. While this doesn't resolve
    # LP: #1791711, it provides some hardening.
    # For dir on dir mounts, we do need write permissions in /var though
    audit deny /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/{var/lib/,var/lib/snapd/,var/lib/snapd/hostfs/} w,

# cleanup
    umount /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,
    umount /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/sys/,
    umount /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/dev/,
    umount /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/proc/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/,

# Hide /writable from view of snaps.
    mount options=(rprivate) -> /{,var/lib/snapd/hostfs/}writable/,
    umount /{,var/lib/snapd/hostfs/}writable/,

# set up user mount namespace
    mount options=(rslave) -> /,

# set up mount namespace for parallel instances of classic snaps
    mount options=(rw rbind) @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/{,*/} -> @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/{,*/},
    mount options=(rslave) -> @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/,
    mount options=(rslave) -> /var/snap/,
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/snap/{,*/} -> /var/snap/{,*/},
    mount options=(rw rshared) -> /var/snap/,

# Allow reading the os-release file (possibly a symlink to /usr/lib).
    /{etc/,usr/lib/}os-release r,

# Allow creating /var/lib/snapd/hostfs, if missing
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/ rw,

# set up snap-specific private /tmp dir
    capability chown,
    /tmp/ rw,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/ rw,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.*/ rw,
    /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.*/tmp/ rw,
    mount options=(rw private) ->  /tmp/,
    mount options=(rw bind) /tmp/snap-private-tmp/snap.*/tmp/ -> /tmp/,
    mount fstype=devpts options=(rw) devpts -> /dev/pts/,
    mount options=(rw bind) /dev/pts/ptmx -> /dev/ptmx,     # for bind mounting
    mount options=(rw bind) /dev/pts/ptmx -> /dev/pts/ptmx, # for bind mounting under LXD
    # Workaround for LP: #1584456 on older kernels that mistakenly think
    # /dev/pts/ptmx needs a trailing '/'
    mount options=(rw bind) /dev/pts/ptmx/ -> /dev/ptmx/,
    mount options=(rw bind) /dev/pts/ptmx/ -> /dev/pts/ptmx/,

# for running snaps on classic
    /snap/ r,
    /snap/** r,
    @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/ r,
    @{SNAP_MOUNT_DIR_LIST}/** r,

# NOTE: at this stage the /snap directory is stable as we have called
    # pivot_root already.

# nvidia handling, glob needs /usr/** and the launcher must be
    # able to bind mount the nvidia dir
    /sys/module/nvidia/version r,
    /sys/**/drivers/nvidia{,_*}/* r,
    /sys/**/nvidia*/uevent r,
    /sys/module/nvidia{,_*}/* r,
    /dev/nvidia[0-9]* r,
    /dev/nvidiactl r,
    /dev/nvidia-uvm r,
    /usr/** r,
    mount options=(rw bind) /usr/lib{,32}/nvidia-*/ -> /{tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,}var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/,
    mount options=(rw bind) /usr/lib{,32}/nvidia-*/ -> /{tmp/snap.rootfs_*/,}var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/{,*} w,
    mount fstype=tmpfs options=(rw nodev noexec) none -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/,
    mount options=(remount ro bind) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/,

# Vulkan support
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/{,*} w,
    mount fstype=tmpfs options=(rw nodev noexec) none -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/,
    mount options=(remount ro bind) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/,

# GLVND EGL vendor
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/{,*} w,
    mount fstype=tmpfs options=(rw nodev noexec) none -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/,
    mount options=(remount ro bind) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/,

# create gl dirs as needed
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/ r,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/ r,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/ r,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/ r,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/ r,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/ r,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/gl{,32}/** rw,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/ r,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/vulkan/** rw,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/ r,
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/glvnd/** rw,

## nvidia libraries exported by a snap
    # read source paths
    /var/lib/snapd/export/{,*} r,
    # for the tmpfs
    /var/lib/snapd/lib/system/ w,
    /var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/ w,
    mount fstype=tmpfs options=(rw nodev noexec) none -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/,
    mount options=(remount ro bind) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/,
    # mounts for the source paths
    /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/{,**} w,
    mount options=(ro bind) /{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/** -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/snapd/lib/system/gpu/**,

# for chroot on steroids, we use pivot_root as a better chroot that makes
    # apparmor rules behave the same on classic and outside of classic.

# for creating the user data directories: ~/snap, ~/snap/<name> and
    # ~/snap/<name>/<version>
    / r,
    @{HOMEDIRS}/ r,
    # These should both have 'owner' match but due to LP: #1466234, we can't
    # yet
    @{HOME}/ r,
    @{HOME}/snap/{,*/,*/*/} rw,

# experimental
    @{HOME}/.snap/                rw,
    @{HOME}/.snap/data/{,*/,*/*/} rw,
    @{HOME}/Snap/{,*/,*/*/}       rw,

# Special case for *classic* snaps that are used by users with existing dirs
    # in /var/lib/. Like jenkins, postgresql, mysql, puppet, ...
    # (see https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/9717)
    # TODO: this can be removed once we support home-dirs outside of /home
    #       better
    /var/ r,
    /var/lib/ r,
    # These should both have 'owner' match but due to LP: #1466234, we can't
    # yet
    /var/lib/*/ r,
    /var/lib/*/snap/{,*/,*/*/} rw,

# for creating the user shared memory directories
    /{dev,run}/{,shm/} r,
    # This should both have 'owner' match but due to LP: #1466234, we can't yet
    /{dev,run}/shm/{,*/,*/*/} rw,

# for creating the user XDG_RUNTIME_DIR: /run/user, /run/user/UID and
    # /run/user/UID/<name>
    /run/user/{,[0-9]*/,[0-9]*/*/} rw,

# Workaround https://launchpad.net/bugs/359338 until upstream handles
    # stacked filesystems generally.
    # encrypted ~/.Private and old-style encrypted $HOME
    @{HOME}/.Private/ r,
    @{HOME}/.Private/** mrwlk,
    # new-style encrypted $HOME
    @{HOMEDIRS}/.ecryptfs/*/.Private/ r,
    @{HOMEDIRS}/.ecryptfs/*/.Private/** mrwlk,

# Allow snap-confine to move to the void, creating it if necessary.
    /var/lib/snapd/void/ rw,

# Allow snap-confine to read snap contexts
    /var/lib/snapd/context/snap.* r,

# Allow snap-confine to unmount stale mount namespaces.
    umount /run/snapd/ns/*.mnt,
    /run/snapd/ns/snap.*.fstab w,
    # Allow snap-confine to read and write mount namespace information files.
    /run/snapd/ns/snap.*.info rw,
    # Required to correctly unmount bound mount namespace.
    # See LP: #1735459 for details.
    umount /,

# support for locking
    /run/snapd/lock/ rw,
    /run/snapd/lock/*.lock rwk,

# support for the mount namespace sharing
    capability fowner,
    capability sys_ptrace,
    # allow snap-confine to read /proc/1/ns/mnt
    ptrace read peer=unconfined,
    # https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/custom-kernel-error-on-readlinkat-in-mount-namespace/6097/21
    ptrace trace peer=unconfined,

mount options=(rw rbind) /run/snapd/ns/ -> /run/snapd/ns/,
    mount options=(private) -> /run/snapd/ns/,
    / rw,
    /run/ rw,
    /run/snapd/ rw,
    /run/snapd/ns/ rw,
    /run/snapd/ns/*.lock rwk,
    /run/snapd/ns/*.mnt rw,
    ptrace (read, readby, tracedby) peer=/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine,
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/mountinfo r,
    capability sys_chroot,
    capability sys_admin,
    #  sigint: this is the signal we get if snap-confine dies (we subscribe to it with prctl)
    signal (send, receive) set=(int, abrt, alrm, exists) peer=/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine,
    # This is just like exists above but we cannot know if the parent process
    # is still alive and hence has the appropriate label or is already dead and
    # hence has no label.
    signal (send) set=(exists) peer=unconfined,
    # This allows snap-confine to be killed from the outside.
    signal (receive) peer=unconfined,

# workaround for linux 4.13/upstream, see
    # https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/snapd-2-27-6-2-in-debian-sid-blocked-on-apparmor-in-kernel-4-13-0-1/2813/3
    ptrace (trace, tracedby) peer=/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine,

# Allow reading snap cookies.
    /var/lib/snapd/cookie/snap.* r,

# As a special exception allow snap-confine to write to anything in /var/lib.
    # This code should be changed to allow delegation so that snap-confine can
    # inherit any file descriptor and pass it to the invoked application but
    # this is not possible in apparmor yet.
    # See https://bugs.launchpad.net/snapd/+bug/1815869
    /var/lib/** rw,

# This allows us to read and bind mount the namespace file
    / r,
    @{PROC}/ r,
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/ r,
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/ns/ r,
    @{PROC}/@{pid}/ns/mnt r,
    /run/ r,
    /run/snapd/ r,
    /run/snapd/ns/ r,
    /run/snapd/ns/*.mnt rw,
    # NOTE: the source name is / even though we map /proc/123/ns/mnt
    mount options=(rw bind) / -> /run/snapd/ns/*.mnt,
    # This allows snap-confine to wait for us
    ptrace (read, trace, tracedby) peer=/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine,

# Allow switching to snap-update-ns with a per-snap profile.
    change_profile -> snap-update-ns.*,

# Allow executing snap-update-ns when...

# ...snap-confine is, conceptually, re-executing and uses snap-update-ns
    # from the distribution package. This is also the location used when using
    # the core/base snap on all-snap systems. The variants here represent
    # various locations of libexecdir across distributions.
    /usr/lib{,exec,64}/snapd/snap-update-ns r,

# ...snap-confine is not, conceptually, re-executing and uses
    # snap-update-ns from the distribution package but we are already inside
    # the constructed mount namespace so we must traverse "hostfs". The
    # variants here represent various locations of libexecdir across
    # distributions.
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/usr/lib{,exec,64}/snapd/snap-update-ns r,

# ..snap-confine is, conceptually, re-executing and uses snap-update-ns
    # from the core or snapd snaps. Note that the location of the actual snap
    # varies from distribution to distribution. The variants here represent
    # different locations of snap mount directory across distributions.
    /{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{core,snapd}/*/usr/lib/snapd/snap-update-ns r,

# ...snap-confine is, conceptually, re-executing and uses snap-update-ns
    # from the core snap or snapd snap, but we are already inside the
    # constructed mount namespace. Here the apparmor kernel module
    # re-constructs the path to snap-update-ns using the "hostfs" mount entry
    # rather than the more "natural" /snap mount entry but we have no control
    # over that.  This is reported as (LP: #1716339). The variants here
    # represent different locations of snap mount directory across
    # distributions.
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{core,snapd}/*/usr/lib/snapd/snap-update-ns r,

# Allow executing snap-discard-ns, just like the set for snap-update-ns
    # above but with the key difference that snap-discard-ns does not
    # have a dedicated profile so we need to inherit snap-confine's profile.

/usr/lib{,exec,64}/snapd/snap-discard-ns rix,
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/usr/lib{,exec,64}/snapd/snap-discard-ns rix,
    /{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{core,snapd}/*/usr/lib/snapd/snap-discard-ns rix,
    /var/lib/snapd/hostfs/{,var/lib/snapd/}snap/{core,snapd}/*/usr/lib/snapd/snap-discard-ns rix,

# Allow mounting /var/lib/jenkins from the host into the snap.
    mount options=(rw rbind) /var/lib/jenkins/ -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/jenkins/,
    mount options=(rw rslave) -> /tmp/snap.rootfs_*/var/lib/jenkins/,

# Suppress noisy file_inherit denials (LP: #1850552) until LP: #1849753 is
    # fixed.
    deny /dev/shm/.org.chromium.Chromium.* rw,

# While snap-confine itself doesn't require unix rules and therefore all
    # unix rules are implicitly denied, adding an explicit deny for unix to
    # silence noisy denials breaks nested lxd. Until the cause is determined,
    # do not use an explicit deny for unix. (LP: #1855355)
    #deny unix,

# Explicitly deny these accesses which show up on Arch to silence the
    # denials for this unneeded access.
    deny /{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnss_files-[0-9]*.so* mr,
    deny /{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnss_mymachines.[0-9]*.so* mr,
    deny /{,usr/}lib{,32,64,x32}/{,@{multiarch}/}libnss_systemd.[0-9]*.so* mr,
    deny /etc/nsswitch.conf r,
    deny /etc/passwd r,

# Allow snap-confine to inherit sockets from other snaps. This prevents classic snaps
    # from having broken stdin redirected to unix sockets that are established by said snap,
    # e.g. opencode.
    unix (send, receive) addr=none peer=(addr=none, label="snap.*"),
}